Oral Text Production various roles and functions of design

 

Oral Text Production The Full Script of ‘Design Theory:The Various Roles and Functions of Design’

Background Info: During the 20th century, design developed and changed in various ways. Modern design is an extremely common and special aspect of art. To talk about modern design, we would need to take into consideration not only the evaluation of existing designs, but also the design process, scientific and social backgrounds, history, different regions, popularities, and hobbies. The language of modern design is becoming overly repetitive. We have moved from the 19th century design to arts and crafts, and all the way through the different periods and hardships/problems, to the age of technology and design. Currently, digital media design is the most commonly enjoyed form of design available.

Design is: a way of solving the problems of people from a creative perspective

Aim of Design:Change the environment, tools, and humans.

Good morning everyone. What do you think of when you hear the word, ‘design’? It is a broad subject. There are a variety ofdesign types, some of which I will introduce to you today.

First, there is the field of ‘public’ design. The designs of this genre are all ‘monuments’ with a necessity to stand out from others. Because of this, they are usually extremely unusual. People will be astonished, even taken aback by the shape and size of them. High-end technology is required for this, and the structures usually take ages to complete. The functional, practical aspects and harmony with surrounding areas will more often than not, be left unnoticed.

The next category is better- design that is like art. These are required to be fashionable, stylish, cool, or have some sort of beauty. The performance and efficiency may be lowered. It may be easy to damage. It may not even be functional. However, these designs can bring happiness and enjoyment to the lives of consumers and users.

Then we come to the common ‘product design’. What is it? All the daily necessities of life located around us. Products emphasize functionality and practicality. It must beconvenient and easy to use. For example, the bowl which is used in Japan to consume miso soup and other types of soup must be held like this. This is the correct way to hold it as your grip will be more firm. You can also reduce the chances of dropping it and look more elegant at the same time. The diameter of the opening is always 2 times longer than the height. By making it shallow, the food inside will be easier to see.As you have seen, this bowl emphasizes functionality and practicality in its design.

By far the most important of all designs is the ‘design for enlightenment’ or inspirational design- a design with a message: design which delivers a socially or politically important message. The Japanese designer Shigeru Saka has a toilet paper roll as one of his creations. The centre of the roll is changed from a circle to a square. As it is harder to rotate the roll, there will be less unnecessary waste of paper. It will eventually save energy, and develop more awareness. There is another creation, comprising of matchsticks made with actual twigs. By using matches which have a more natural look, people will be able to recognise the origins of fire. We may remember that fire was originally born in nature, and at that time, it was weak, small and warm like the fire of a matchstick. And, we may discover that the ‘fire’ produced by humans is strong, big, and frightening. This design can make consumers think about the essence of fire.

The famous designer, Kenya Hara, calls this design,‘re-design’ or ‘designing design’. What does this mean? In order to inspire the largest group of people possible, the design must be able to be used by as many people as possible. Therefore, the 1st and 2nd types which are extremely surprising or artistic cannot be used. Those may not be used by many people due to the difference of tastes. On the other hand, the 3rd type, product design can satisfy the criteria as it is already being used by most people. The paper roll and matchstick are just a try at adding ‘something’ onto a product. The message is placed on top. The 2 terms ‘re-design’ and ‘designing design’ are used to show the act of adding a design onto an existing product.

As I have stated, design has various types and roles. There are advantages and short-comings. Any design will, to a certain extent, contribute to society. Through the observations I have made this time, I have once more, noticed the wideness, and depth of design. What really interested me is the method of ‘re-design’. Even though it is only a small effort, strong social or political messages can be sent out. Since it is not designing from scratch, by using this method, anyone can create designs which affect society. You do not have to be a professional designer. Thankyou

Acknowledgment:

『デザインのデザイン　DESIGNING　DESIGN』、岩波書店、原研哉　2007

『現代デザイン論』（昭和堂）藤田治彦　1999

Noah Nishihara T09

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